Which type of brain waves are associated with a state of relaxation or light sleep?

Alpha waves are the correct answer as they are specifically associated with a state of relaxation and light sleep. These brain waves have a frequency of 8 to 12 Hz and are commonly observed when an individual is awake but relaxed, such as during meditation or while daydreaming. Alpha waves indicate a calm yet alert state of mind, and they become prominent when we close our eyes and lose some awareness of our surroundings, which often occurs just before drifting into light sleep.

In contrast, delta waves are characterized by a slower frequency and are linked to deep sleep, not relaxation. Beta waves, which have a higher frequency, are typically present during active thinking, problem-solving, or focused attention and are associated with alertness and wakefulness rather than relaxation. Theta waves emerge during lighter stages of sleep but are more associated with the transition from wakefulness to sleep rather than a relaxed state of consciousness. Thus, alpha waves most accurately reflect the brain activity associated with relaxation and light sleep.