What term describes the brain's ability to change its structure and function in response to learning?

The term that describes the brain's ability to change its structure and function in response to learning is neuroplasticity. This concept highlights the dynamic nature of the brain, which is capable of reorganizing itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. Neuroplasticity is fundamental for various processes such as adaptation to new experiences, recovery from brain injuries, and the acquisition of new skills. It allows the brain to modify its pathways and connections in response to changes in the environment or to overcome challenges.

Other terms provided relate to different concepts. Phrenology is an outdated theory that correlated skull shape with personality traits, lacking scientific validity. Neurogenesis refers specifically to the process of generating new neurons in the brain, particularly in areas like the hippocampus, but does not encompass the broader changes in neural connections associated with learning. Synaptic pruning is a process that involves the elimination of weaker synaptic connections while strengthening others but is a specific aspect of neuroplasticity rather than a synonym for it.