What is the primary function of glutamate in the brain?

Glutamate serves a crucial role as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its main function is to facilitate the transmission of signals between neurons, which is essential for various brain activities, including learning and memory formation. Glutamate binds to specific receptors on neurons, leading to the depolarization of the post-synaptic neuron, making it more likely to fire an action potential. This process is particularly significant in areas of the brain associated with memory, such as the hippocampus, where glutamate activities enhance synaptic plasticity, a foundational mechanism for learning and memory. The role of glutamate in excitation contributes not only to memory formation but also plays a vital part in other cognitive functions.

The other options do not accurately reflect glutamate's primary function, as inhibition is more closely associated with neurotransmitters like GABA, pain transmission involves different signaling pathways primarily involving substance P and other neuropeptides, and body temperature regulation is managed by various other neurotransmitters and physiological processes.