What is the primary function of the axon in a neuron?

The primary function of the axon in a neuron is to transmit signals away from the cell body. Axons are long, slender projections that extend from the neuron's cell body and are responsible for conducting electrical impulses known as action potentials. When a neuron is activated, it generates an action potential that travels down the axon toward the axon terminals. This process allows communication between neurons, with the signal being passed to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

The design of the axon is particularly suited for this role, as it is often covered by a myelin sheath that insulates the axon and increases the speed of impulse transmission. This enables the rapid communication necessary for proper functioning of the nervous system. The branching of axon terminals at the end allows for multiple connections to other neurons, further facilitating communication.

Other parts of the neuron, such as dendrites, are responsible for receiving signals, while the cell body plays a role in maintaining the neuron's health and function, but it is the axon's specialization that is key in transmitting information away from the cell body.